Icelandic Sheepdog

Meet Iceland’s only native dog breed, the charming and cheerful Icelandic Sheepdog. These hardy, medium-sized spitz-type dogs arrived with the Vikings over a thousand years ago, perfectly adapted to the rugged terrain and harsh climate of their island home. With their foxy faces often fixed in what looks remarkably like a smile, plush double coats, and proudly curled tails, Íslenski fjárhundurinn (as they’re known in Iceland) are instantly appealing. But don’t let their moderate size fool you; they pack a whole lot of personality, energy, and history into that sturdy frame.

Overview and History

The story of the Icelandic Sheepdog is intrinsically linked to the history of Iceland itself. When Norse settlers first arrived between 874 and 930 AD, they brought their essential herding dogs along – the ancestors of today’s breed. For centuries, these dogs were indispensable partners to Icelandic farmers, expertly herding sheep and ponies across vast, challenging landscapes, alerting families to visitors (or dangers), and providing loyal companionship. Isolation on the island meant the breed developed with relatively little outside influence, honing its specific traits.

However, the breed faced near extinction several times. Imported diseases, particularly distemper, ravaged the dog population in the late 19th century. Later, a tapeworm scare led to drastic culling measures. It’s quite something to think they almost vanished entirely! Thankfully, dedicated enthusiasts, notably an Englishman named Mark Watson who visited Iceland in the mid-20th century, recognized their unique value and initiated crucial conservation efforts. Importing a few precious dogs, he helped establish breeding programs outside Iceland, pulling the breed back from the brink. Icelandic breeders also redoubled their efforts.

Recognition slowly followed. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) acknowledged the breed standard, and eventually, other major kennel clubs followed suit. The American Kennel Club (AKC) admitted the Icelandic Sheepdog into the Herding Group in 2010. While still relatively rare compared to more globally popular breeds, their numbers have grown steadily, cherished by those who appreciate their unique history and delightful character.

Physical Characteristics

At first glance, the Icelandic Sheepdog is a classic Northern spitz – think pointy muzzle, prick ears, and that signature tail curling jauntily over the back. They’re medium-sized, typically standing 16.5 to 18 inches tall for males and 15 to 17 inches for females at the shoulder, with weights ranging from about 25 to 35 pounds. They have a distinctly rectangular body shape, meaning they’re slightly longer than they are tall, built for agility and endurance rather than sheer speed. Their expressive, almond-shaped eyes convey intelligence and friendliness – many owners swear their dogs "smile."

One of the breed’s most distinctive features? Double dewclaws are required on the hind legs (and often present on the front too). These extra toes might look a bit odd if you’re not used to them, but they’re a breed hallmark. It’s thought they might have provided extra stability on uneven, rocky ground or snowy terrain back in the day.

Their weather-resistant double coat comes in two lengths:

• Long-haired: Features a longer, coarser outer coat with a thick, soft undercoat. Males often sport an impressive ruff around the neck.
• Short-haired: Still a double coat, but the outer hairs are shorter, thoughDense and protective.

Both coat types shed – quite a bit, especially seasonally! Coat colors are wonderfully varied, including various shades of tan (from cream to reddish-brown), chocolate brown, grey, and black, always accompanied by white markings. Pure white is not permitted. There isn’t a significant difference between show and working lines like you might see in some other herding breeds; the focus remains on maintaining the breed’s historical type and function.

Temperament and Personality

So, what’s it actually like to live with an Icelandic Sheepdog? Expect a whirlwind of cheerful energy and affection! These are incredibly sociable and friendly dogs, often greeting strangers with tail wags and happy barks, more like enthusiastic welcome committees than intimidating guardians. They bond deeply with their families and thrive on being involved in daily activities – don’t be surprised if you have a fluffy shadow following you from room to room. While not aggressive guard dogs, they are excellent watchdogs, meaning they’ll bark readily to alert you to anything new or unusual. And yes, sometimes "unusual" includes a leaf blowing down the street or the mail carrier making their rounds.

Their energy level is moderate to high. They need regular exercise but are generally happy to settle down indoors afterwards, provided their needs are met. They retain a strong playful streak throughout their lives, enjoying games of fetch, puzzle toys, and just generally goofing around. What makes the Icelandic Sheepdog stand out among family dogs? Their combination of lively intelligence, inherent friendliness, and portable size often makes them fantastic companions for active families with children, especially when raised together and supervised appropriately.

They usually get along well with other dogs and can coexist peacefully with cats, especially if introduced properly during puppyhood. Remember their herding heritage, though – they might instinctively try to herd smaller animals (or even toddlers!) if bored or untrained, sometimes using nips or barks. It’s generally not aggressive, more of a "Hey, let’s get this group moving!" instinct, but it needs management through training and sufficient exercise. They can be a bit stubborn at times, showcasing that independent streak common in spitz breeds, but their eagerness to please usually wins out.

Breed Group

The Icelandic Sheepdog proudly belongs to the Herding Group in classifications by major kennel clubs like the AKC and The Kennel Club (UK). The FCI places them in Group 5: Spitz and Primitive Types, Section 3: Nordic Watchdogs and Herders. This dual identity perfectly captures their essence: they possess the spitz look and independent nature but were primarily developed for herding tasks.

What does being in the Herding Group mean? These breeds were selectively bred to help humans manage livestock. Think intelligence, agility, responsiveness to commands, and a built-in instinct to gather, move, and control other animals (or sometimes, people!). Herding dogs are typically energetic, require mental stimulation to prevent boredom, and often form strong working partnerships with their handlers.

Compared to some other members of the Herding Group, like the intense Border Collie or the powerful Belgian Malinois, the Icelandic Sheepdog is generally considered a bit less driven and perhaps more suited to companion life, though they absolutely retain functional herding instincts and excel in herding trials. Their vocal nature (that watchdog bark!) is also more pronounced than in some other herders. Their spitz heritage links them visually to breeds like the Finnish Lapphund or Norwegian Elkhound (which are in different groups), but their primary historical job firmly plants them among the herders.

Exercise & Activity Needs

Don’t underestimate the energy packed into this medium-sized dog! Icelandic Sheepdogs need regular daily exercise to stay physically fit and mentally sharp. Think at least 45-60 minutes of dedicated activity per day, which could include brisk walks, jogging (once fully grown), fetch sessions in a securely fenced yard, or hiking adventures. They were bred to cover ground, after all.

Beyond just physical exertion, mental stimulation is crucial. These are bright dogs that get bored easily, and a bored Icelandic Sheepdog often becomes a noisy or destructive one. Engaging their minds is key. Because of their herding heritage ("job"), they thrive when given tasks to do. Consider activities like:

• Obedience training: Reinforces good manners and works their brain.
• Puzzle toys: Keeps them occupied and problem-solving.
• Dog sports: They often excel in agility, herding trials, nose work, barn hunt, and rally obedience. Finding a sport they enjoy can be incredibly rewarding for both dog and owner.
• Learning tricks: A fun way to engage their intelligence.

Basically, give them something constructive to focus on, and you’ll have a much happier, quieter companion. A short walk around the block just won’t cut it for this breed long-term.

Diet and Nutrition

Feeding your Icelandic Sheepdog doesn’t require a complicated formula, but quality matters. Like any dog, they need a balanced diet appropriate for their age (puppy, adult, senior), size (medium), and activity level. Choose a high-quality commercial dog food (kibble or canned) that meets AAFCO standards, or consult with your vet or a canine nutritionist about a well-formulated home-prepared diet.

Given their moderate-to-high energy levels, active Icelandic Sheepdogs might require slightly more calories than more sedentary dogs of a similar size. However, they can also be prone to weight gain if overfed or under-exercised, so monitor their body condition closely. You should be able to feel their ribs easily beneath a thin layer of fat, and they should have a visible waistline when viewed from above. Adjust portion sizes as needed based on their metabolism and activity.

The breed isn’t known for widespread specific food allergies, but individual dogs can develop sensitivities like any other. Common culprits can include ingredients like chicken, beef, corn, or wheat. If you suspect an allergy (symptoms might include itchy skin, ear infections, or digestive upset), work with your vet to identify the trigger, possibly through an elimination diet. Supplements like omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) can support coat and skin health, especially given their thick double coat, but always discuss supplements with your vet before adding them.

Grooming and Care

That beautiful double coat requires regular attention! Icelandic Sheepdogs are seasonal shedders, meaning they "blow coat" heavily twice a year (usually spring and fall). During these periods, expect tumbleweeds of fur! Daily brushing might be necessary to manage the shedding and prevent mats from forming, especially with the long-haired variety. Outside of shedding season, brushing once or twice a week should suffice to remove loose hair and distribute skin oils. A slicker brush and an undercoat rake are essential tools.

Despite the shedding, their coat is fairly dirt-repellent, so baths are only needed occasionally, perhaps every few months or when they get particularly dirty. Over-bathing can strip natural oils from the coat.

Nail care is standard: trim their nails every few weeks or as needed, depending on how quickly they wear down. Don’t forget those double dewclaws on the hind legs – they don’t touch the ground and won’t wear down naturally, so they definitely need regular trimming to prevent snagging or curling into the pad. Check their ears weekly for redness, odor, or debris, cleaning gently with a vet-approved solution if needed. Regular dental care, including teeth brushing several times a week and potentially professional cleanings, is vital for preventing periodontal disease.

Common Health Issues

Icelandic Sheepdogs are generally considered a healthy breed with a respectable lifespan of around 12 to 14 years. However, like all purebred dogs, they can be predisposed to certain genetic health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock for these issues to minimize the risk in puppies. Potential concerns include:

• Hip Dysplasia: An abnormal formation of the hip socket.
• Elbow Dysplasia: Malformation of the elbow joint.
• Patellar Luxation: Dislocation of the kneecap.
• Eye Conditions: Such as cataracts (clouding of the lens), Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA, degeneration of the retina), and distichiasis (extra eyelashes rubbing on the eye).

Buying from a reputable breeder who performs health screenings (like OFA evaluations for hips and elbows, and CERF eye exams) is crucial. Ask to see the health clearances for the puppy’s parents. Routine veterinary check-ups, vaccinations, and preventative parasite control are essential for maintaining overall health throughout their life. While generally robust, being aware of potential issues helps owners provide proactive care.

Training and Socialization

These dogs are intelligent and typically eager to please, which generally makes them quite trainable. They respond well to positive reinforcement techniques – think treats, praise, and fun! Keep training sessions short, engaging, and consistent. They pick up basic obedience commands relatively quickly and can excel in more advanced training or dog sports. Housebreaking is usually straightforward with consistency.

However, their intelligence can sometimes manifest as a bit of spitz-like independence or stubbornness. If they don’t see the point in a command, they might just offer that charming "smile" instead of complying immediately! Patience and making training rewarding are key. Harsh methods are counterproductive and can damage their trusting nature.

Early and ongoing socialization is absolutely critical for Icelandic Sheepdogs. Exposing them positively to a wide variety of sights, sounds, people, and other animals from a young age helps them grow into well-adjusted, confident adults. This is especially important for managing their inherent watchdog tendencies. While you can’t (and shouldn’t try to) train them never to bark, consistent training can help teach them appropriate "quiet" cues and reduce unnecessary alarm barking. Addressing any potential herding behavior (nipping at heels) early through redirection and providing appropriate outlets (like herding toys or sports) is also important.

Is the Icelandic Sheepdog Right for You?

Deciding to bring any dog into your life is a big commitment, and the Icelandic Sheepdog is no exception. So, who makes an ideal owner for this breed?

• Active individuals or families: People who enjoy spending time outdoors walking, hiking, or engaging in dog activities.
• Those seeking a cheerful companion: If you want a dog that’s generally happy, affectionate, and involved in family life, they fit the bill.
• People tolerant of barking: You must be prepared for their vocal nature. They bark to alert, to greet, sometimes seemingly just to hear their own voice!
• Owners committed to training and socialization: Their intelligence needs direction, and early socialization is key to a well-mannered dog.

Where can they live? While adaptable, they generally do better in homes with securely fenced yards where they can run and play safely. Apartment living can work, but only if the owner is extremely dedicated to providing sufficient daily exercise and mental stimulation outside the apartment. Their tendency to bark might also cause issues with close neighbors. Rural or suburban environments often suit them best.

Consider the commitment: they need your time for exercise, training, grooming (especially during shedding seasons), and companionship. They don’t thrive being left alone for long hours regularly. If you’re looking for a silent, low-energy couch potato, this probably isn’t the breed for you. The barking is often the biggest "dealbreaker" trait for potential owners – be honest with yourself about whether you can live with (and manage) a vocal dog.

FAQs About the Icelandic Sheepdog

• Are Icelandic Sheepdogs hypoallergenic? No, they are definitely not hypoallergenic. They have a thick double coat and shed significantly, especially seasonally.
• Are they good for first-time dog owners? They can be, provided the owner is prepared for their energy level, grooming needs, training commitment, and especially their tendency to bark. Research and preparation are key.
• How much do Icelandic Sheepdogs bark? Quite a bit! It’s a defining characteristic. They are natural watchdogs bred to alert shepherds. Training can help manage it, but expect a vocal companion.
• Are Icelandic Sheepdogs good with children? Generally, yes. Their friendly and playful nature often makes them great family pets. However, supervision is always recommended, especially with younger children, to manage potential herding instincts (nipping) and ensure respectful interactions from both parties.
• Do they shed a lot? Yes, particularly during their seasonal coat blows (spring and fall), when shedding is very heavy. Regular brushing helps manage the fur.
• How big do they get? They are medium-sized dogs, typically weighing 25-35 pounds and standing 15-18 inches tall at the shoulder.
• Are the double dewclaws normal? Yes, double dewclaws on the hind legs are a required feature of the breed standard. They need regular nail trimming.
• What were they originally bred for? They were bred as all-purpose farm dogs in Iceland, primarily for herding sheep and ponies, but also as watchdogs and companions.

Related Resources & Comparisons

If the Icelandic Sheepdog intrigues you, you might also want to explore a few similar breeds:

• Norwegian Buhund: Another Nordic spitz herding breed, similar in size and energy, also known for barking. They tend to have a slightly different head shape and often come in wheaten or black.
• Shetland Sheepdog (Sheltie): A smaller herding breed from the UK, known for intelligence and trainability, but visually quite different (more Collie-like) and often more reserved with strangers initially. Also quite vocal.
• Finnish Lapphund: A slightly larger Nordic spitz breed originally used for reindeer herding. Known for being calm indoors but active outside, intelligent, and friendly, though perhaps less ubiquitously "smiley" than the Icie.

For more information specific to the Icelandic Sheepdog, check out these resources:

• Icelandic Sheepdog Association of America (ISAA): The official AKC parent club for the breed in the US, offering breeder directories, breed information, and event news. (www.icelanddogs.com – Note: Check for the current official website)
• National Breed Clubs in Other Countries: Organizations like the Icelandic Sheepdog Club of Great Britain or clubs in Canada and Nordic countries offer valuable resources.
• Breed-Specific Rescue Organizations: While rare, dedicated rescues sometimes have Icelandic Sheepdogs available for adoption. The ISAA website may list rescue contacts.

Exploring these resources can help you connect with breeders, owners, and breed experts to learn even more about living with this unique and captivating dog from the Land of Fire and Ice.